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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

S. G. CURRY.

VENTILATION 0F CARS.

No. 510,001. Patented Dec. 5,1893.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2. S. G. CURRY. VENTILATION 0F CARS.

Patented Des. 5, 1893.

t W 5 W (No Model.)

Nrrnl) STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL GEORGE CURRY, OF TORONTO, CANADA.

VENTILATION OF CARS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 510,001, dated December 5, 1893.

Application filed May 19, 1893- To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL GEORGE CURRY, architect, of the city of Toronto, in the county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Ventilation of Cars, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the ventilation of cars more particularly sleeping cars and the object of the invention is to so construct a car that in winter time it may be thoroughly heated and ventilated and all vitiated air exhausted, so that the air of the car may be kept pure and all danger from drafts avoided and it consists essentially of forming the car with an inner and outer shell and supplemental roof shell and dividing it preferably into three compartments and furthermore in providing a system of heating and ventilation throughout the different compartments and operating in the manner hereinafter more particularly explained.

Figures 1, lflshowa perspective longitudinal section ofa car in two views exhibiting the construction of my improved car. Fig. 2, is a cross section of the car through the heaters, purifying apparatus and inlet cowl. Fig. 3, is a cross section through the sleeping berth compartments'of the car showing the upper berth closed. Figs. 4, 4, show a longitudinal plan through the line acy'.

In the drawings like letters and numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

A, is the outer wall of the car; B, the roof; 0, the inner wall, and D, the inner roof, and E, the ceiling.

F, is the bottom board of the upper berth, which when the berth is raised as shown in Fig. 3, fits beneath the molding, 2, made around the ceiling, E. The ceiling, E, is perforated as shown except that portion beneath the outlet cowls,G. The outlet cowl, G, is provided with a double disk damper, g, which is regulated by a rod, 9', extending from the ceiling, E, and provided with a handle as shown in Fig. 3.

I may here state that the car is supposed to be going in the direction indicated by arrow, so that the wing of the cowl is swung toward the now rear of the car.

H, is the inlet cowl through which the air Serial No. 474,787. (No model.)

7 enters into the chamber, Lthrough the wire netting casingfl. Atthe bottom of the chamberis placed a pan, J, in which may be placed h water which is designed to catch any dust, which may be brought in through the cowl, H. The netting casing, t', may be filled with ice. It will be seen on referenceto the drawings that the chamber, I, is situated directly above the vestibules, K, to the sides of which are situated the heating compartments, L. Beneath the cowl, H, I pivot the circularly adjustable double disk damper, H, which is manipulated by means of the rod, h, which extends down through the center of the compartment to a point about the center of the vestibule.

M, are openings made at each end of the chamber, I, and provided with slat dampers, N, which are manipulated through the rod 77., extending down through the bot-tom oi the chamber as shown.

M, are doublewire netting screens situated inside the openings, M, and having placed between them light fluffy mineral wool particles-which are large enough to be retained between the screens. These screens are provided to prevent the possibility of any dust escaping through the openings, M, and the passage-ways, P, into the car. The cowls, H, are swiveled as shown and provided with the usual wing, h.

0, are partitions which extend from between the inner roofahd the ceiling, E, sep arating it into two passageways P, at each side of the partitions, O.

. R, is the top paneling of the upper berth, which is provided with a double disk damper, '1", connecting the spaces of the upper berths with the passageways, P.

c, are passageways leading from the spaces beneath the outer roof B, and inner roof, D, to the spaces above the upper berth, F. The passageway, c, is provided with a double disk damper, c.

p, are passage ways leading from the passage-ways, P, to a point above the seats or lower berth. These passage-ways are intended for the ventilation of the lower berths when the upper berths are lowered, particularly for the supply of fresh air.

Q,are cowls secured on the roof immedi ately above the heating chambers, L, (see dotted circles in Figs. 1 and 1, and fulllines in Figs. 1,1, 2, and 3.) The wings, q, of the cowls extend rearwardly as to the end of the car, which is now the front.

S, are a series of passage-ways situated on a line with the partitions, O, and provided with double-disk dampers, s.

T, are openings covered with netting situated in the central panel of each berth between the windows.

U, are hinged flaps provided with regulating handles, M, which are designed when in the position shown in Fig. 3, to close the space between the outer shell, A, and inner shell, 0, so as to direct the air directly down through the opening, T. When the flap, U, is placed in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, the circulation of the air would'pass down the side of the car through the openings, V, and cowls,\V. Inthis figure the side of the car to the right hand side of the figure is shown in broken sections at that portion of the car in which the window is situated, and through the panel-as exhibited by the section at the opposite side of the ear.

X, are exhaust ducts suitably supported in the bottom of the car and provided with the ordinary swivel cowls, Y.

m, are branch ducts leading from the main exhaust ducts, X, to the casings, y, situated beneath the outer end of the seat and provided with openings, y, covered with fine wire netting as shown in Figs. 1, 1, and 3.

In case of the smoking compartments the casrings, y, would still be situated beneath the seat but be placed difierently as indicated.

I shall now describe the construction and contents of the heating compartments, L.

Z,' are passage-ways formed outside the heating chamber and leading from the chamber, I, to the opening, .2.

w, is a fine wire netting extending beneath the chamber, L, and, 2, are series of baffle plates extending throughout the width, and length of the chamber, L, and supported in position immediately above the wire netting, w. The'plates, 2, are before they are placed in position dipped into some adhesive or sticky liquid so as to coat them with the same and thereby when they are placed in position cause any particles of dust which may have passed through the screens, 10, to adhere to such plates and arrest their passage upwardly through the heater. The bafflc plates, 2, are made of metal and placed in a frame and may be removed at terminal points if required and the accumulation of dust burned off them when they may again be dipped into the liquid and replaced in position.

3, are the heating coils which are situated immediately above the baffie plates, 2, and are suitably supported within the walls or shells of the heating chamber as shown.

4, are fine wire netting casings in which is preferably placed mineral Wool, 5, in fiufiy particles. The casings, 4, are situated immediately above the heating coils, 3.

6, are water pans provided with a number of recesses, 7, in which the water is situated and a number of openings, 8, through which the air may pass.

10, are flaps hinged to the diaphragm, 11, and extending down to above the water pan,

- 6. The flaps, 10, are manipulated by the handies, 10, which are secured on the end of the rods, 10", upon which the dampers are hinged.

When the car is going in the direction indicated by arrow as indicated in Figs. 4, 4, the hinged flaps are swung to the rear so as to direct the heat in the car toward the two forward compartments. It will be understood of course from this description that the sleep.- ing car is divided into three compartments and that. when the flaps are thrown rearwardly as above described a greater volume of heated air would be directed into the forward compartments and thus insure when the car is traveling in either direction of the compartments being heated more uniformly throughout. 7

12, are slide dampers or valveswhich slide in passage-ways beneath the cowls, Q, and are designed to control the exit of the air through such cowls.

13, are dampers or valves pivoted in the passage-way, Z, and provided with a regulating handle, 14, by which the dampers may be manipulated. Ordinarily the dampers,.13, are

left open as shown in the drawings.

15, is a hinged damper or flap, which is designed to close the opening, 2, or the bottom of the passage-way, Z.

Having now described the principal parts involved in the construction of my car in order to carry out my improved means of ventilation, I shall proceed to describe-.first the manner in which the car is heated and ventilated in the winter or cold weather and-- secondly-in which it is ventilated in the warm weather.

When the car is moving in the direction. indicated by arrow the air would pass through the cowls, H, down through the netting, 11, chamber, I, through the passage-ways,

Z, through the opening, z, into the heating chamber, L. In passing through the chamber, I, the air would be relieved of all dust within the netting, 'i, and the dust descend into the water in the pan, J. After passing through the openings, z, the air would pass through the netting, w, baffle or corrugated plates, 2, up through the heating coils and the casing, 4, inclosing the particles of mineral wool by which the airis entirely relieved from all dust and then through the openings, 8, in the pan. In passing through the openings in the pan the air would be moistened and would ascend and pass along between the roof, B, and the inner roof, D thence it would pass down the sides of the car and out through the coils, W, from which it wouldascend in a compartment through. the interior of the car. Ordinarily the cowls, G, situated within the partition, 0, would be closed and the. impure air would be withdrawn through the casings, y, branch ducts, w, and main exhaust ducts, X, and cowls, Y. The openings to the outlet cowls, G, and Y, may be provided with electric fans which when the car is not in motion may be used to exhaust the air. The fans would be preferably run by a storage battery. Of course in practice it might be found that they would be quite unnecessary or might only be used occasionally for a short period when the car is not in motion.

Should it be desirable to relieve the car quickly of the warm air it will be seen by opening the double disk damper, g, of the cowls, G, that the car would be quickly relieved of any oppressive heat through the perforated ceiling. I think in the winter however that the cowl, G, would need to be used but seldom.

When the air is passing down the sides of the car between the walls, A, and the walls,

0, the windows would have the effect of chilling the heated air which will assist in bringing the fresh air into the car. The glass of the windows by means of this current it will be seen would be relieved from the accumulation offrost on them. Through the air being brought. into contact with the exterior.

walls of the car as before described and the glass surface of the windows it will part with a portion of its heat and in so doing will freely pass down through the space between. the

outer wall, A, and inner wall, 0, so as to have.

In very cold weather as it would bevery probably inexpedient to draw all air through the cowls, H, they might be partially closed by the double disk dampers, H, and the dampers, 15, opened and thrown into a horizontal position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. In this manner the air in the car might be utilized over and over again, the impure airbeing drawn off asbefore described through the casings, y, branch ducts, or, and exhaust ducts, X, and cowls, Y. I

It will be noticed that all impure air is carried out of the car by ducts, X, which are divided into sections and have a cowl, Y, for each division. As the outlet cowls in all cases are swiveled it will beseen that they will naturally turn in the opposite direction. to,

mostats, which would close the openings as soon as the standard temperature in the car had been regained.

So far in this specification I have confined myself to the explanation of the heating and ventilation of the car during the cold weather. I shall now describe the means whereby the construction and arrangement of the parts as hereinbefore described serve not only to keep the car well ventilated in winter but are equally effective during the warm weather. As it is not necessary to use the heating chamber, L, for the circulation of the air in the car I preferably close the dampers, 13, in the passageways, Z. The air now passing through the cowl, H, into the chamber, I, would pass through the slat dampers, M, through the openings, M, into the passage-ways, P, on

each side of the partition, 0, thence down through the perforations, into the car. The vitiated or impure air will be drawn out as shown through the casings, y, branch ducts, w, and exhaust ducts, X, and cowls, 1.

In the warm weather all the cowls in the car will preferably be left open. The space between the outer roof, B, and inner roof, D, and outside walls or shells, A, and inside walls or shells, C, will in warm weather become heated and as the cowls, Q, are open will pass out of such space continually thereby serving to keep the inner roof, D, and shell, A, perfectly cool. As the dampers, s, beneath the passage-way, S, are also left open it will be seen that the heated air arising to the ceiling, E, of the car will pass out into the outer, space between the roofs, B, and, D, and out through the cowls, Q. The heated air will also pass through the perforations in the ceiling, E, into the space within the partition, 0, and will pass out through the cowls, G. It will be generally advisable to close the dampers, 1', leading from the upper berth, F, to the passageways, P, and the dampers c, beneath the roof, B, leading from the upper berth into the outer space may if desired be opened. As it is not necessary that the air should pass down beneath the flap damper, U, between the windows I would preferably throw these dampers into the position shown in full lines in Fig. 3, so that theheated air which is being withdrawn through the cowls Q, through the upper space between the shells would tend to cause asuction of theair through the openings, T, therebyfacilitating the ventilation of the berths at night. If it should become toocool within the berth of course the flap damper, U, may be easily drawn into the position shown in dotted lines by means of the handle, it. It will of course necessarily be seen that the warm and impure air, will be drawn 01f through the passage ways, S, and cowls, Q, in addition to the impure airdrawn off through the casings, 3 branch ducts, w, and exhaust ducts, X.

Practically in warm weather there will be such a free circulation of air in the car by means of my system of ventilation that the ITO air will be kept perfectly cooland as free from impurities as the outside air. All dust also will have been removed from the air before it enters the car.

It will of course be understood that the damper, 15, may be regulated if desired so that the air in the car may be utilized over again and passthrough the heating chamber or portion taken from the outside and passed through the heating chamber as indicated by the dotted oblique position of the damper as shown in Fig. 2; In summer also if found desirable the heating chamber may be used for the removal of the impure air from the car as it can be made to pass through the openings, z, and through the heaters and be allowed to escape directly to the outer air by means of the cowls, Q, insteadv of passing through the space between the roofs.

It is intended in my system of ventilation that the-coils of the heating chamber should be supplied with steam or hot water from the enginealthough of course it might be arranged to havea heater of any suitable form located in the-heating chamber.

As. it will be seen from what has been before described and on reference to the drawings-thatthe car is divided in three divisions it will be understood that each division may be controlled independently of the. other so that the smoking compartment would be entirelyindependent from the balance of the car in its heating. and ventilation arrangemen-ts.

In order to provide for the admission of fresh air into the lower berth I provide at the bottom of the passage-way, p, a damper 10. (See Fig. 3.) I also provide for the opening, V, to the bottom of the inner shell,- 0, a damper, V, which may be opened or closed by means of the rod, V, which extends beneath the. bottom of the seat.

Although I show no means for controlling the exhaust ofthe. air through the ducts, w, and main duct, X, it will be understood that a suitable damper might bearranged to control such exhaust. I have also shown to the left hand of Fig. 1, in between the backs of the seats as indicated by broken lines in this figure a space, at", by which the air may be allowed to ascend from underneath the seats and circulate with the main body of air in the car.

What I claim as my invention is-' 1. The combination with the inlet cowls, and air chamber situated at the top of the car connected therewith, of passage-ways leading downwardly from the air chamber to the bottom of the heating chamber, which communicates at the top with the air space between the roofs so that the heated air will pass down the space between the side walls of thecar and through openings and coils at the bottom into the interior of the car from which it will ascend and means whereby the impure air is drawn ofi from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination with the cowls, H, and air chamber, I, and the fine wire netting'casing, i, of the passage ways, Z, heating chamber, L, communicating with the air space between the roofs B, and, D, andside walls, A, and, O, the openings, V, made in the bottom of the side walls, 0, coils, W, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination with the inlet cowls, H, and air chamber I, provided with afine wire netting casing and water pan, of the passage-ways, Z, heating chamber, L, communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, O, the openings, V, made in the bottom of the sidewalls, O, coils, W, and means whereby the impure air isv exhausted from the bottom of t-hecar as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination with the inlet cowls, H, air-chamber, I, passage-ways, Z,- connected at the bottom by the opening, a, to the heating chamber, of the wire screens, 10, situated at the bottom of the heating chamber, the heating coils, 3, the top of the heating chamber communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, O, the openings, V, made in the bottom of the side walls, 0, coils, W, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination with the inlet cowls, H, air chamber, I, passage ways, Z, connected at the bottom by the opening, .2, to the heating chamber, of the bafiie plates, 2, coated with adhesive sticky substances, the heating coils, 3, the top of the heating chamber communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, O, the openings, V, made in the bottom of the side walls, 0, coils, W, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

6. The combinationwith the inlet cowls,

. H, air chamber, I, passage-ways, Z, connected at the bottom by the opening, 2, to the heating chamber, of the heating coils, 3, wire casings, 4, having the mineral wool particlessituated in them the top of the heating chamber communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, O, the openings, V, made in the bottom of the side walls, 0, coils, W, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the-bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

7'. Thecom-bination with the inlet cowls, H, and air chamber, I, provided with fine wire netting casings, of the passage-ways, Z, heating chamber, L, provided with the heating coils, 3, and moisture pans, 6, havingthe recess, 7, filled with water and openings, 8, for

the passage of the heated air, the top of the heating chamber communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, C, the openings, V, madeinthe located in the same and moisture pan conbottom of the side walls, 0, cells, NV, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

8. The combination with the inlet cowls, H, air chamber, I, provided with fine wire netting casings, 2', water pan, J, passage ways, Z,; leadlng to the bottom of the heating chamber,

Wire netting 10, battle plates, 2, heating cowls, 3, wire casings with mineral Wool particles structedas specified, the top of the heating chamber communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, C, the openings, V, made in the bottom of the side walls, 0, coils, W, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the gotitom of the car as and for the purpose speci- 9. The combination with the inlet cowl,

H, air chamber, I, passage-Ways, Z, and heatin g chamber, L, all constructed and arranged as specified, the heating cha mber communicatingwith the air space between the roofs, B,

and, D, and side walls, A, and, C, the openings, V, located at the bottom of the side walls, 0, and coils, W, of the perforated ceiling, E, and means whereby the impure air is. exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified. V

10. The combination with the inlet cowls,

H, air chamber, I,passage-ways, Z, and heating chamber, L, all constructed and arranged as specified,the heatingchambercommunicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, O, the openings, V, located at the bottom of the side walls, C, and coils W, of the perforated ceiling, E, passage-ways, P, and openings, 7', leading to the upper berth, F, and ways, 13, leading to the lower berth and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

11. The combination with the inlet cowls, H, air chamber, I, passage-ways, Z, and heating chamber, L, all constructed and arranged as specified, the heating chamber communicating with the air space between the roofs, B, and, D, and side walls, A, and, O, the outlet cowls, Q, located above the heating chanr her, the openings, V, located at the bottom of the side Walls, 0, and coils, W, of the perforated ceiling, E, passage-ways, P, and means whereby the impure air is exhausted from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

at the bottom of the side walls, 0, and cowls, \V, the perforated ceiling, E, passage-ways, P, and means whereby the impure air is exhaustedfrom the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

13. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, C, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car, and perforated ceiling, E, of the outlet cowls, G, provided with a damper, g, as and for the purpose specified.

14. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, C, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car, and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, I-I, air chamber, I, openings, M, leading into the passage-ways, P, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, and means whereby the impure air is drawn off from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

15. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, C, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, H, air chamber, Lopenings, M, leading into the passage-ways, .P, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, dampers, 13, designed to close the passage-ways, Z, and means whereby the impure air is drawn off through the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

16. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, O, forming a continuous air space aroundthe top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, H, air chamber, I, wire netting casings, i, openings, M, leading into the passage-ways, P, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, and means whereby the impure air is drawn off from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

17. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, C, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, 11, air chamber, I, provided with a wire netting casing and water pan, openings, M, leading into the passage-ways, P, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, and means whereby the impure air is drawn oif from the bottom of the caras and for the purpose specified.

18. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, C, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, H, provided with a damper, H, the air chamher, I, provided with openings M, leadinginto the passage-ways, I, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, and means whereby the impure air is drawn oif from the bottom of the car as and for the purpose specified.

19. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, 0, formingacontinuous air space around the top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, H, openings provided with a slat damper, N, and the fine double Wire netting screens inclosing the' mineral wool particles situated at the inner side of the opening, M, and'the passage-ways, P, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, and means whereby the impure air is drawn 01f from the botgoig ot the car as and for the purpose speci- 20. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, O, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the inlet cowls, H, air chamber, 1, openings, M, leading into the passage ways, P, situated between the roof, D, and perforated ceiling, E, and the cowls, G, provided with dampers, as and for the purpose specified.

21. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, O, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car, and perforated ceiling, E, of the passage-ways, S, leading from the ceiling, E, to the outer space, provided with dampers, and the cowls, Q, as and the purpose specified.

22. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, O, forming a continuous air space around the top and sides of the car and perforated ceiling, E, of the passage-ways, S, leading from the ceiling, E, to the outer air space and provided with dampers, the passage-ways, 0, leading from the upper berth to the air space between the roofs, and the cowls, Q, as and for the purpose specified.

23. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and, O, forming a continuous space around the top and sides of the car, and perforated ceiling, E, of the openings, T, pro- Vided with a flap damper, U, located in the air space between the Walls A, and, C, between the windows of the car as and for the purpose specified.

24. The combination with the roofs, B, and, D, side walls, A, and O, forming a continuous air-space around the top and sides of the car, of the heating chamber, L, arranged as specified, the openings V, at the bottomof the side walls, 0, coils, W, and dampers, 15, arranged to close the passage ways, Z, at the bottom and allow of the circulation of the air of the car through the opening, .2, and heating chamber as and for the purpose specified.

25. The combination with the walls or shells and roofs forming an air space or jacket and the openings at the bottom of the inner shell, of an air space or opening extending up between the backs of the seats as and for the purpose specified.

SAMUEL GEORGE CURRY.

Witnesses:

B. BOYD, H. G. S. YOUNG. 

